Dados do Trabalho

Título

HIGH INCIDENCE OF AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH DEGREES OF HEALTH VULNERABILITY IN THE STATE OF BAHIA

Introdução

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a polymorphic skin disease caused by various species of protozoa from the genus Leishmania, and the state of Bahia accounts for the second highest number of cases in Brazil.

Objetivo (s)

This study aimed to analyze the evolution of ATL cases in Bahia from 2012 to 2021, based on the description of ATL cases by municipality over the years and the spatial correlation between the median incidence and the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI), based on 18 socioeconomic indices.

Material e Métodos

Bahia has a population of 4,016,906 distributed among 417 municipalities. The number of confirmed ATL cases per year of diagnosis and according to the municipality of notification was obtained from data reported in the SINAN. The information base for census sectors per municipality for calculating the mean incidence and HVI was obtained from the 2010 census. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2018Ⓡ for descriptive statistics, Qgis 3.0 for constructing annual incidence maps of cases, and GeoDA for applying the univariate Local Index of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) to identify local clusters of median ATL incidence and the bivariate LISA for the spatial correlation of ATL case incidence and HVI by municipality, for a sample of 2.5% of the municipalities that had the highest and lowest rates of ATL incidence in Bahia during the study period.

Resultados e Conclusão

Of the 417 municipalities in Bahia, 229 (54.92%) had cases of ATL. The least incident were Serrinha, with a cumulative incidence of 1.31, followed by Casa Nova (1.54) and Simões Filho (1.70), and the most incident were Presidente Tancredo Neves (27171.26), Taperoá (9430.43), and Nilo Peçanha (4830.18). The LISA analysis identified a high incidence of cases in 23 municipalities in the Valença region and in three municipalities in the far west. Positive spatial correlation (I=0.222; P-value <0.0001) between median ATL incidence and HVI was found for eight (34.78%) of the 23 municipalities in the Valença region, indicating the relationship between low socioeconomic indices and high ATL incidence in the region.

Palavras-chave

Leishmania; Spatial Analysis; Incidence; Univariate and bivariate LISA.